Rectoscopy (Rectosigmoidoscopy, Sigmoidoscopy)

What is rectoscopy?

Rectoscopy is an endoscopic examination in which a doctor examines the anal canal, rectum and lower part of the sigmoid colon. The examination may be performed using a rigid rectoscope or a flexible endoscope.

Rectoscopy can detect conditions affecting the rectum and anus, help identify the cause of bleeding, diagnose inflammatory changes and detect polyps or tumours. If necessary, biopsies may be taken or other minor therapeutic procedures performed during the examination.

When is rectoscopy recommended?

Your doctor may recommend the examination if:

• you have rectal bleeding;
• you have noticed blood in your stool;
• you experience pain or discomfort in the rectum;
• haemorrhoids or other anal conditions are suspected;
• inflammation or a tumour of the rectum is suspected;
• a biopsy is required or previously identified changes need to be monitored.

How should you prepare for the examination?

Proper preparation of the rectum allows the doctor to assess the lining more clearly.

Bowel Preparation

Micro-enemas are usually sufficient.

The usual recommendation is:

• 2 micro-enemas on the evening before the examination;
• 2 micro-enemas approximately 2 hours before the examination.

At some healthcare facilities, one or two micro-enemas may be sufficient. Always follow the instructions provided by your doctor or the healthcare facility.

Diet

• On the day of the examination, you will usually be advised not to eat or to consume only very light food. Follow the instructions provided by the healthcare facility.
• You may drink clear liquids unless your doctor has instructed you otherwise.

Medicines

Before the examination, tell your doctor about:

• any anticoagulant medicines you take;
• any allergies;
• any other significant medical conditions.

How is the examination performed?

The examination is usually performed without sedation.

You will lie on your left side or adopt another position as instructed by the doctor. A rectoscope or flexible endoscope is carefully inserted into the rectum. A small amount of air or carbon dioxide is introduced into the bowel to provide a clear view of the lining.

If necessary, biopsies may be taken or small polyps removed.

The examination usually takes 5–15 minutes.

Is the examination painful?

Most patients experience only mild discomfort or a feeling of pressure.

Taking a biopsy is not usually painful.

Possible Complications

Rectoscopy is a safe examination.

Complications are very rare, but may include:

• minor bleeding, particularly after a biopsy;
• temporary abdominal or rectal pain;
• an anal fissure;
• infection;
• in very rare cases, damage to the bowel wall (perforation).

After the Examination

After the procedure, you may experience:

• mild abdominal bloating;
• discomfort in the rectum;
• minor bleeding, particularly if biopsies were taken.

These symptoms usually resolve on their own.

If the examination was performed without sedation, you can immediately resume your usual activities, drive, work and eat normally unless your doctor has instructed you otherwise.

If biopsies were taken, the histology results are usually available within 10–14 days.

Frequently Asked Questions